![]() ![]() ![]() We obtained written informed consent from all patients prior to study participation. Hence, PD-L1-positive CTCs could be employed as a real-time molecular biomarker for individualized immunotherapy. Dynamic changes in PD-L1-positive CTCs during the course of treatment are predictive factors of immunotherapy response and prognostic factors of disease control. PD-L1-positive CTCs at baseline could be used as a biomarker to identify patients suitable for PD-L1 blockade therapy. In four patients with progressive disease, this was higher or did not change. Furthermore, the PD-L1-positive CTC count in 9 of 11 patients who achieved DC had significantly decreased ( p = 0.01). Moreover, changes in the proportion of PD-L1-positive CTCs were associated with disease outcomes. Patients with PD-L1-positive CTCs had better disease control (DC) rates than those without PD-L1-positive CTCs. However, PD-L1-positive expression in CTCs was not correlated with PD-L1 expression in tumor biopsy samples. ![]() All patients had CTCs before PD-L1 inhibitory treatment, of which 15 had PD-L1-positive CTCs. Subsequently, PD-L1 expression and its clinical correlation were analyzed. Therefore, this study evaluated the relationship between PD-L1 expression in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and treatment response to PD-L1 inhibitors using blood samples collected from patients with UC ( n = 23). Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors are commonly used in treating advanced-stage urothelial carcinoma (UC). ![]()
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